Eastside Evangelical Fellowship

Study on the Westminster Confession of Faith – Winter 2002

Chapter XI with Scripture Proofs and Comments

Of Justification

 

1.  Those whom God effectually calleth, He also freely justifieth: (Rom. 8:30, Rom. 3:24) not by infusing righteousness into them, but by pardoning their sins, and by accounting and accepting their persons as righteous; not for any thing wrought in them, or done by them, but for Christ’s sake alone; nor by imputing faith itself, the act of believing, or any other evangelical obedience to them, as their righteousness; but by imputing the obedience and satisfaction of Christ unto them, (Rom. 4:5–8, 2 Cor. 5:19,21, Rom. 3:22,24–25,27–28, Tit. 3:5,7, Eph. 1:7, Jer. 23:6, 1 Cor. 1:30–31, Rom. 5:17–19) they receiving and resting on Him and His righteousness by faith; which faith they have not of themselves, it is the gift of God. (Acts 10:44, Gal. 2:16, Phil. 3:9, Acts 13:38–39, Eph. 2:7–8)

 

Comments –

a)       The doctrine of Justification, Luther said, is the test of a standing or of a falling Church.  The Roman Church has grossly corrupted this doctrine.  But many Protestant churches have great errors themselves, and far too many are ignorant over the importance of this doctrine.

 

b)       Justification is the judicial act of God, whereby He pardons our sins and accounts, or imputes, the righteousness of Jesus Christ to us.  It is not poured into us.  We do not become righteous.  We are declared righteous. 

 

c)        We are not justified for anything we have done, nor anything God does in us.  We are justified for Christ’s sake alone.  Our justification originates completely apart from us.

 

d)      Faith is a gift of God, and a command from God.  We are not justified by imputing faith or the act of believing, or else we would be justified by a work of obedience.  Faith is distinguished from the righteousness by which we are justified –“the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ…” (Rom 3:22), “the righteousness which is from God by faith” (Phil 3:9).  Faith is the instrument of our justification.  The obedience and satisfaction of Christ is the ground of our justification.  Haldane says “Faith does not justify as an act of righteousness, but as the instrument by which we receive Christ and his righteousness”.

 

e)      The imputation of righteousness does not mean that God is lying about us.  He is not pretending we are righteous.  He is putting down on our legal account ‘righteous’ although we have not preformed works of righteousness.  Paul says something similar in Philemon 18 – “if he has wronged you or owes you anything, put that on my account”.

 

 

2.  Faith, thus receiving and resting on Christ and His righteousness, is the alone instrument of justification: (John 1:12, Rom. 3:28, Rom. 5:1) yet is it not alone in the person justified, but is ever accompanied with all other saving graces, and is no dead faith, but worketh by love. (James 2:17,22,26, Gal. 5:6)

 

a)       We are saved by faith alone, but never through a faith that is alone.  This is not a tricky statement to wiggle out of a hard doctrine.  Saving faith is living.  It is wrought by the Spirit of God, and it will have its way with the believer.  Saving faith always is accompanied with all other saving graces – you can’t get it a la carte.

 

 

3.  Christ, by His obedience and death, did fully discharge the debt of all those that are thus justified, and did make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to His Father’s justice in their behalf. (Rom. 5:8–10,19, 1 Tim. 2:5–6, Heb. 10:10,14, Dan. 9:24,26, Isa. 53:4–6,10–12) Yet, in as much as He was given by the Father for them; (Rom. 8:32) and His obedience and satisfaction accepted in their stead; (2 Cor. 5:21, Matt. 3:17, Eph. 5:2) and both, freely, not for any thing in them; their justification is only of free grace; (Rom. 3:24, Eph. 1:7) that both the exact justice, and rich grace of God might be glorified in the justification of sinners. (Rom. 3:26, Eph. 2:7)

 

a)       Our sins were imputed to Christ, revealing God’s justice.  Christ’s righteousness was imputed to us, revealing God’s grace.  Grace is not the setting aside of the requirements of God’s law.  Salvation is of grace, but this grace comes in the way of righteousness.  God is glorified in the manifestation of His justice and mercy.  This is the righteousness of God, ‘that He might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus.’ (Rom 3:26).

 

 

4.  God did, from all eternity, decree to justify all the elect, (Gal. 3:8, 1 Pet. 1:2,19–20, Rom. 8:30) and Christ did, in the fulness of time, die for their sins, and rise for their justification: (Gal. 4:4, 1 Tim. 2:6, Rom. 4:25) nevertheless, they are not justified, until the Holy Spirit doth, in due time, actually apply Christ unto them. (Col. 1:21–22, Gal. 2:16, Tit. 3:4–7)

 

a)       Justification of the elect was eternally decreed, was historically accomplished in Christ, and yet is applied in time by the Holy Spirit.  Even after the work of Christ, for a time, we remain the enemies of God.  When we are effectually called (chapter 10), then we are reconciled to God and declared righteous for Christ’s sake.

 

b)       Another way to think of this is that justification requires faith as its instrument, and until God grants faith, the individual cannot believe and have it credited to his account.  This in no way sets aside God’s decreed will for His elect.  Christ’s death secured their salvation.

 

 

5.  God doth continue to forgive the sins of those that are justified; (Matt. 6:12, 1 John 1:7,9, 1 John 2:1–2) and, although they can never fall from the state of justification, (Luke 22:32, John 10:28, Heb. 10:14) yet they may, by their sins, fall under God’s fatherly displeasure, and not have the light of His countenance restored unto them, until they humble themselves, confess their sins, beg pardon, and renew their faith and repentance. (Ps. 89:31–33, Ps. 51:7–12, Ps. 32:5, Matt. 26:75, 1 Cor. 11:30,32, Luke 1:20)

 

a)       Rome teaches that one can fall from the state of justification, because it is infused and can be tainted by sin.  Additional sacraments are therefore required to restore one to this state of inherent righteousness.  No one is really ever sure of his standing before God.  But an imputation of complete righteousness, covering the past, present, and future sins of the believer, grants assurance to an imperfect man AND provides him the basis to approach the Father for forgiveness when he sins.

 

b)       But there is a difference between your justification and the joy of your justification.  You are in a family, and Your Father will discipline you appropriately when you sin, to lead you to humble yourself before Him, confess your sin, and renew your faith and repentance.

 

 

6.  The justification of believers under the old testament was, in all these respects, one and the same with the justification of believers under the new testament. (Gal. 3:9,13–14, Rom. 4:22–24, Heb. 13:8)

 

a)       Anyone who has been justified in the history of the world has been justified upon the same ground – the perfect obedience of Jesus Christ and the pardon of their sins by His blood.  For everyone, the instrument of that justification was the same – salvation has always been through faith.  What God had promised to the saints in the Old Testament He could impute then, for His Word is sure and Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever.